What Makes A Rapper - 887 Words

Some of the valued assets in rappers are: quality [of work] and longevity, songwriting and storytelling, impact, and perhaps the most vital asset; rhyming skills [flow, delivery, and lyricism] (cite). These qualities of what makes a rapper an efficacious one have been greatly debated since the formation of hip-hop, and ultimately rap, culture in the 1970’s (cite). Those with a passion for hip-hop and rap music can debate their top ten favorite rap artists indefinitely due to the abundance in what catalogs and qualifies a rapper as a great one. The argument for whom is the greatest or the best rapper alive, or of all time, has been, and will forever be, opinion-based. However, through statistics and precise analyzation, we can answer the age-old question of â€Å"what qualifies a rapper as ‘great’?† It is possible for any rapper in the music industry, aspiring or veteran, to create just one song that is considered to be quality work. The real talent is creating an album’s worth of quality work and continuing to produce quality albums and other musical works that will remain relevant over the years to come. Unfortunately, rap is considered now to be more of the younger generation’s profession (cite), despite hip-hop and rap veterans such as Dr. Dre, Ice Cube, Big L and KRS-One, laying the foundations of rap for the newer generation of rap artists. Rappers that fail to remain significant over time eventually wither away and are virtually overlooked. In essence, a worthy rapper canShow MoreRelatedGangster Rap : Rap And Black Masculinity1588 Words   |  7 Pagesthat gangster rap represents a masculinity that rappers portray themselves as in their songs. Dating back to its origins, African Americans had always been the face of gangster rap, with such names like Tupac , Biggie, Jay-Z, DMX, and much more, as covers of rap magazines. Gangster rap had always been seen as what people interpret it to be and that is a raw rhythmic and explicit version of poetry in motion, but gangster rap depicts more than what people interpret it to be. Gangster rap depictsRead MoreRap Music And Its Influence On Society1209 Words   |  5 Pagesexample of this occurrence would be the lower class of America’s use of rap music. Rap music started out as a fun variation of disco with the purpose to make people dance and enjoy themselves, but it later transformed into one of the best outlets to express the struggles of poverty in the United States. The genre gained popularity when the song â€Å"Rapper s Delight† hit the charts in the early eighties; rap evolved into a plethora of different styles from there, Gangster Rap formed with NWA in the lateRead MoreRap Music Is Not The Only Type Of American Music Associated With Sex And Violence1508 Words   |  7 Pagespeople at the top, uplifted an entire American generation on sex and violence in other types of music. Now they are doing the same with rap music (Roberts, 1994). Rappers have thus been forced to abandon the stated goal of their humble beginning to conform to the marketable aspects of their crafts. (Rebollo-Gil Moras, 2012). Rappers have adopted all elements of hip-hop as a part of their daily practices claiming that hip-hop artists influence music, fashion, and speech. The portrayal of black menRead MoreEssay on Power of perceptiom1263 Words   |  6 Pagesinherent to that character. Although we do not always recognize archetypes and their role in today’s society, they still exist, and their presence is stronger than ever. However because of the reoccurring use, when we do recognize them we are able to make out their characteristics and set them apart (i.e. Villains usually display undesirable qualities such as scary, ugly cunning and deceiving, manipulative) Archetypes are very significant because even the average human can interact and find some similaritiesRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Hip Hop905 Words   |  4 Pagesdrastically from when it began in the 1970’s to now the 2000’s. Many rappers now just rap to entertain the listener not taking in mind what type of message they are transmitting. Unlike the rappers from now, Marco Archer, known as Phora, is positively affecting peoples lives. Phora, a twenty-three-year-old rapper writes his raps to send out a positive message to the world and gives them his story through his music. Many rappers now rap about sex, money, drugs, and crimes. On the article by PeterRead MoreThe Effects Of Rap Songs Sung By Men Speak Of Women1415 Words   |  6 Pagesdue in large part to the fact that sex sells. The unintended consequence is that female subjects featured in this kind of music are often the ones that suffer the most. Most of the rappers with the greatest influence are ignorant to this issue, however others have openly acknowledged it. Snoop Dogg, a renowned rapper, has admitted to given women a bad rap in his music by using the word bitch and saying other negative things about women (Elks, â€Å"Snoop Dogg Vows). It is easy to conclude that the majorityRead MoreHip-Hop Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Hip-Hop: A Roadblock or Pathway to Black Empowerment,† he speaks about the positive and negative effects that hip-hop has on the Black Community. Bennett goes all the way to the beginning of hip-hop, which he says took place in the early 1980s with rappers such as Run DMC, Public Enemy, Sugar Hill Gang and many others. The author then speaks about how hip-hop grew not only in the young black African American culture but also in the white youth culture as well. Finally, Bennett states that hip-hop hasRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1584 Words   |  7 Pagespresent time that rose to prominence in the 1980’s. The hip hop genre was born in t he African American community and has since then changed into what it is today. What most individuals don’t know is that originally rap music did not contain such explicit themes as it does now; such as misogyny, drugs, crime, and violence among others. Many people may wonder what led to the introduction of such themes into rap music and why they remained popular. Crime and violence were introduced to rap music as a wayRead MoreImpact Of Rap Music On The Music870 Words   |  4 PagesRhythm Blues and Jazz included a large portion of the components that make up rap music. Rap music turned into its own particular type of music in the 1970 s the point at which DJ s from New York, for example, DJ Lovebug, DJ Cool Herc and DJ Hollywood, started controlling, and scratching, records to make rhythms, beats, and different sounds. As this occurred the rapper would talk over the music utilizing rhymes. The rapper would utilize attention and stresses with their verses. In 1979 the Suga rRead MoreRap Music And Its Influence On Music903 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent categories. One of the more popular genres of music is Rap. Rap music evolved overtime and become more relevant as the years go on, accordingly the culture and other parts of rap changed as well. There a various differences between what rap music is now and what it had been in the past, and it all comes with the changes of the world. Some of the bigger changes in music is the culture that comes with the music, the lyrics of the songs as well as the reason for making the music. When people used

Nurse Process - 2826 Words

NURSING PROCESS APPLICATION TO NURSING PROCESS RHIO ANNE FLORES FELICIAN COLLEGE Felician College Honor Code:I pledge on my honor that I have neither given nor received inappropriate help on this paper. Signature:_________________________________ ABSTRACT Nursing Process is a method in professional nursing to identify, diagnose, and treat human responses to health illness. It has a series of steps which are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation and evaluation. A respiratory infection called Pneumonia was applied to each step of the nursing process. It is an illustration of how to apply the condition in each step by collecting the information, diagnosing the signs and symptoms, planning the†¦show more content†¦Gathering information is needed for assessment so the nurse has to communicate with the patient (primary source), the family (secondary source) and reading files or records of the patient. The nurse also has to observe the client or patient if they are having pain (from facial expressions) or for any behaviors or taking the patient’s vital signs. These observations should be combined with the data that have been collected from the primary and secondary sources. Facts should be prà ©cised in order form ulate a correct diagnosis which is the second step of the nursing process. Diagnosis is the phase where the health status of the patient is distinguished. The information that has been gathered about the patient has to be grouped, classified and analyzed. Performing these task will lead to recognition of the current health status of the patient. Issues regarding the current health status of a patient should be illustrated accurately in the nurse’s statement. Associate all the grouped data that had been brought together. The nurse has to determine which diagnoses corresponds with all the research from the information. With the correct diagnosis, the nurse can carry on the third step which is called Planning goals and desired outcomes of the patient. Planning is the where the nurse assists a patient on deciding what kind of outcomes do they want toShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of A Nurse During The Legislative Process1132 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Header: LEGISLATIVE PROCESS​​1 The Role of a Nurse in the Legislative Process Samantha Stover Ohio University The legislative process is constructed of three parts that include the policy formulation, policy implementation and policy modification. Policy formulation is gathering and formulating a bill to take to legislation for review. The bill consists of a healthcare issue that has been researched with a clearly stated alternative or solutionRead MoreDevelopment Of The Orientation Process For New Registered Nurses Essay2789 Words   |  12 Pages Development of the orientation process for new Registered Nurses Problem Identification New Registered Nurses entering into the emergency department, are lacking experience to high acuity, and very sick patients with cardiac, stroke, trauma, sepsis, and pediatric emergencies. In the last few years the shortage of nurses with experience in specialty areas has become more evident. The vacancies of nurses retiring or moving out of the facility, is creating unsafe practices with high patient ratiosRead MoreHow Can Average Nurses Be Involved? The Political Process? Essay876 Words   |  4 PagesHow can average nurses be involved in the political process? An average nurse can be involved in the political process by being an advocate for the patient through close involvement with the legislator and policymaker. The nurse can advocate on issues in which will result in an improvement of the outcome of the patient’s health. For example, the nurse can speak with the legislator concerning issues with having increased responsibilities with patient care and dealing with nursing shortage. TheRead MoreThe Process Of Becoming A Nurse1588 Words   |  7 PagesAnne Gasparyan ENGRD 310 Professor Leung 7 December 2014 The Process of Becoming A Nurse As a young child everyone was told from their parents to either go into the business or medical field because they are great professional field that also pays well; which, the outcome of the job will better many peoples future if this path is taken. The first step on becoming a nurse is first is figuring out what type of nursing branch or field will suit professional needs such as adult (elderly)Read MoreRole Of The Nurses During Transition Process1198 Words   |  5 Pagesrole of the nurses during that transition, and how we can provide support to new parents. I wrote some of the things I’ve learned, and experienced during the transition process. I provided some common problems families go through during transition, and wrote some recommendations based on evidenced-based practice approach. I attached links of some of the resources available in Mecklenburg County that can be helpful for families who are in transition. Transitioning is a learning process, and can beRead MoreNurses And Their Role During The Birthing Process Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesthink they have similar functions, doulas and midwives actually have different training, duties. A midwife is a trained medical professional, and can be a woman or man. They play a key role during the birthing process. You can have both a midwife and a doula to help you during the birthing process. Midwives are the traditional care providers for mothers and infants. Midwives are trained professionals with expertise and skills in supporting women to maintain healthy pregnancies and have optimal birthsRead MoreThe Political Action Process And How Nurses Influence Change2258 Words   |  10 PagesPolitical Action Process and How Nurses Influence Change Prior to beginning this course, I was not abreast of the political action process nor the impact of the nurses’ role in the political action process. I was aware of groups lobbying against policies, bills, laws, etc., however, I was not educated on the various aspects or inconsiderable number of steps involved in the political action process (or use: I was not aware of the depth of involvement required in the political action process). As the semesterRead MorePatient Tracer Summary1231 Words   |  5 Pagesassessment is the fundamental baseline assessment which begins the process of assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation. This assessment is a critical first step in the patient’s care and serves as the first complete introduction the nurse has to the patient. During this process, the nurse assesses the patient from head to toe and establishes a baseline assessment. This provides a point of reference for other nurses to compare against to see if the patient’s condition is improvingRead MoreWhat is Nursing?885 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Nursing is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Nursing has been a field in which new rules are being constantly enforced. It is also a field that requires the nurses to constantly review their material in order to be current with the changes in health profession. Nursing has always been around, but in different standards. Nursing began as a basic care and then it gradually expanded into a more critical and in-depth care. There are several definitions of what nursing is, but in my own perspective, I think nursing is the act ofRead MoreThe Theory Of Goal Attainment1481 Words   |  6 Pagessystems; Personal Systems which pertain to the individual, Interpersonal Systems which pertain to small groups, and Social Systems which pertain to the society as a whole. King saw these three interacting systems as part of the larger decision making process of human beings (Frey et al, 2002). The Theory of Goal Attainment is a middle range theory derived from King’s Conceptual System. The Theory of Goal Attainment focuses on the interactions between the personal, interpersonal, and social systems. Frey

British Empire Essay Example For Students

British Empire Essay Wexford and Burden both have stable marriages and family backgrounds. Wexford is married to Dora, and Burden to Jenny. We can see that the two couples are on good terms with each other as the two police officers often go out for drinks together and are on good terms with each other. Also, we know from the text that their wives are friends with each other, which shows that their relationships arent just a professional one. The relationships between the two sets of detectives (Holmes, Watson, Wexford and Burden) are different. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band Holmes is considered as the main character. He is the potentate, whilst Watson plays the role of his faithful sidekick. From all of Conan Doyles past works involving Sherlock Holmes, we see that Watson is not as clever as Holmes and this one is clearly no exception. We will write a custom essay on British Empire specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Watson is actually very smart, but when he is working alongside Homes, Holmes intelligence overshadows his. Although Watson is not working on the same level as Holmes, one can see that they are extremely close. This closeness between the two characters can be seen from the fact that Holmes and Watson are living on the same premises. Watsons purpose is partly as a dramatic device in which he is the narrator. This helps to keep the suspense because Holmes doesnt tell Watson anything he discovered. Although Watson is the narrator, he doesnt dominate the narrative and we can see that Holmes is the leader and he takes control. In Bloodlines, as mentioned before, Wexford and Burdens relationship is mostly a professional one although they are friendly enough towards each other to go out for drinks with each other. As said before, Wexford and Burden do not work together, where as Holmes and Watson do in the stories. Due to that fact, we cannot really compare the relationships of Wexford and Burdens with that of Holmes and Watsons. Although Burden is a police officer, he does not work with Wexford. Burdens opinions about characters and situations underline Rendells view of society. The crime and the way the facts are revealed to the reader are different in the two stories even though they are both murder crimes. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band the reader can tell who had committed the crime, but not how it was done. On the other hand, in Bloodlines, one knows how the murder was accomplished, but not who had done it. Both of the crimes involved in the two stories are murders and both stories feature stepfathers and money. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band, it is the stepfather that commits the crime. Dr. Roylott then dies at the end of the story. In Bloodlines the stepfather is already dead. Both of these men are portrayed as the enemies as Dr. Roylott killed Julia Stoner and he had planned to kill her sister, Helen Stoner as well. The reader finds out in the end of Bloodlines that Tom Peterlee was murdered by Carol Fox (his mistress), but he is also considered a bad character as he abused his wife badly. In both stories, we see that there are a lot of violence and brutality, all involving women. In the Holmes story, the reader has been given enough facts to determine who had killed Julia Stoner, but the method of the murder was not clear. Holmes knew how the crime was done but because the story is a first person narrative, from Watsons perspective, we did not find out until the end when Holmes tells Watson this. Bloodlines is different because the narrative is an omniscient one, and it tells the reader what is going on, but the person that had committed the crime is not revealed until the very end. .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 , .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 .postImageUrl , .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 , .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1:hover , .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1:visited , .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1:active { border:0!important; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1:active , .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1 .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaa8ccd3baffe6581820c37d0785511f1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Highwayman Poem Analysis EssayThe time and the location of The Adventure of the Speckled Band allow Dr. Roylott to be more calculating and devious about the way he commits the crime. The murder in Bloodlines was more of a spontaneous reaction to the events that precede it. The murderer in the first story premeditated the murder very carefully and the story was started before a second murder took place. The fact that Holmes was trying to prevent a second murder, without the reader actually acknowledging it creates more tension and suspense in the story. In Bloodlines, the detectives were investigating a crime that has already taken place, instead of trying to prevent an other murder from taking place (like in The Adventure of the Speckled Band). This gives the story less tension and it is less dramatic. The stories reflect the time in which they are set through superficial details as well as details with more profundity in them. The Adventure of the Speckled Band was set in the 19th century; this can be seen in a number of ways. In the opening paragraphs of the story, the narrative actually said: It was early in the year 83 Holmes pointed out to Helen Stoner that she had ridden in a dogcart, but now they dont exist anymore. The language in which the story is presented in is very formal and nobody talks like that anymore. The story suggests that quite a lot of people lived in India at that time. When Dr. Roylott was in India This is evidence that India was still a part of the British Empire and it also suggests that the story was set in the 19th century. The difference in monetary values was mentioned in the story as well. One thousand pounds is hardly worth calling a fortune now but it was considered as quite a sum of money in the 19th century. The way that the story portrayed women as inferior to men also shows the reader that the story was set in the 19th century. Helen Stoner and her sisters money was placed in the trust of her stepfather until marriage illustrates to the reader that women were regarded as inferior to men at that time. The sentences in The Adventure of the Speckled Band tend to be longer and there are a high number of clauses in the sentences.

Workers Compensation Essay Example For Students

Workers Compensation Essay Workers CompensationWorkers compensation is meant to protect employees from loss of income and to cover extra expenses associated with job-related injuries or illness. Accidents in which the employee does not lose time from work, accidents in which the employee loses time from work, temporary partial disability, permanent partial or total disability, death, occupational diseases, noncrippling physical impairments, such as deafness, impairments suffered at employer-sanctioned events, such as social events or during travel to organization business, and injuries or disabilities attributable to an employers gross negligence are the types of injuries and illnesses most frequently covered by workers compensation laws. Since 1955, several states have allowed workers compensation payments for job-related cases of anxiety, depression, and certain mental disorders. We will write a custom essay on Workers Compensation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Although some form of workers compensation is available in all 50 states, specific requirements, payments, and procedures vary among states. Certain features are common to virtually all programs: The laws generally provide for replacement of lost income, medical expense payments, rehabilitation of some sort, death benefits to survivors, and lump-sum disability payments. The employee does not have to sue the employer to get compensation. The compensation is normally paid through an insurance program financed through premiums paid by employers. Workers compensation insurance premiums are based on the accident and illness record of the organization. Having a large number of paid claims results in higher premiums. Medical expenses are usually covered in full under workers compensation laws. It is a no-fault system; all job-related injuries and illnesses are covered regardless of where the fault for the disability is placed. Workers compensation coverage is compulsory in all but a few states. In these states, it is elective for the employer. When it is elective, any employers who reject the coverage also give up certain legal protections. Benefits paid are generally provided for four types of disability: permanent partial disability, permanent total disability, temporary partial disability, and temporary total disability. Before any workers compensation is reorganized, the disability must be shown to be work-related. This usually involves an evaluation of the claimant by an occupational physician. One major criticism of workers compensation involves the extent of coverage provided by different states. The amounts paid, ease of collecting, and the likelihood of collecting all vary significantly from state to state. After a decade of yearly double-digit increases in the cost of workers compensation, in the early 1990s at least 35 states began to make changes in their workers compensation laws. These changes included tighter eligibility standards, benefit cuts, improved workplace safety, and campaigns against fraud. Recent data indicate that these changes are paying off. The rates of increases in the cost of workers compensation have slowed considerably, and in 1993 the cost actually declined. From 1993 through 1996, the cost of workers compensation insurance continued to decrease. State and federal workers compensation insurance is based on the theory that the cost of industrial accidents should be considered as one of the costs of production and should ultimately be passed on to the consumer. Individual employees should neither be required to stand the expense of their treatment or loss of income nor be required to be subjected to complicated, delaying, and expensive legal procedures. In most states, workers compensation insurance is compulsory. Only in New Jersey and Texas is it elective. When compulsory, every employer subject to it is required to comply with the laws provisions for the compensation of work injuries. The law is compulsory for the employee also. When elective, the employers have the option of either accepting or rejecting the law. If they reject it, they lose the customary common law defenses assumed risk of employment, negligence of a fellow servant, and contributory negligence. Workers compensation laws typically provide that injured employees will be paid a disability benefit that is usually based on a percentage of their wages. Each state also specifies the length of the period of payment and usually indicates a maximum amount that may be paid. In addition to the disability benefits, provision is made for payment of medical and hospitalization expenses to some degree, and in all states, death benefits are paid to survivors of the employee. Commissions are established to adjudicate claims at little or no expense to the claimant. Two methods of providing for workers compensation risks are commonly used. One method is for the state to operate an insurance system that employers may join and are required to join. Another method is for the states to permit employers to insure with private companies, and in some states, employers may be certified by the commission handling workers compensation to handle their own risks without any type of insurance. .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e , .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e .postImageUrl , .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e , .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e:hover , .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e:visited , .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e:active { border:0!important; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e:active , .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uff0d521bb68e4886746ff86321ab440e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Adolesent Depression Essay Under most state and private insurance plans, the employer and the employee gain by maintaining good safety records. Disability payments from other sources do not affect your Social Security disability benefits. But, if the disability payment is workers compensation or another public disability payment, your Social Security benefits may be reduced. After the reduction, your total public disability benefits should not exceed eighty percent of your average current earnings before you became disabled. These include your combined family Social Security benefits, your workers compensation payment and any other public disability payment you receive. The workers compensation payment and another type of public disability payment are kinds of payments that affect your Social Security disability benefits. Workers compensation payment is one that is made to a worker because of a job-related injury and illness. It may be paid by federal or state workers compensation agencies, employers or insurance companies on behalf of employers. Public disability payments that may affect your Social Security benefits are those paid under a federal, state or local government law or plan that pays for conditions that are not job-related. They differ from workers compensation because the disability that the worker has may not be job related. Examples are civil service disability benefits, military disability benefits, state temporary disability benefits and state or local government retirement benefits that are based on disability.The higher costs of providing workers compensation benefits in risky occupations may lead employers to improve safety in order to lower their insurance costs. The 75th anniversary of the Federal Employees Compensation Act (FECA) is an opportune time to reflect on broad policy issues of no-fault work injury liability statutes. Policy discussions regarding occupational safety and health usually are divided into two distinct parts with government standards established under the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as the regulatory device for encouraging prevention and workers compensation considered as the program for providing benefits to disabled workers. The much debated standards approach established under the Occupational Safety and Health Act draws attention to the role of workers compensation as apart of the policy mix for improving the health and safety of employees. General issues of safety and health and their effect on employers and employees are first considered in this article. Then the mechanics of determining workers compensation benefits in the private sector and how this process relates to employer prevention incentives are briefly reviewed. Evidence on the effect of workers compensation on safety and health is also discussed. Finally, the specific arrangements by which Federal agencies are charged for the work injury liabilities of their employees are compared with arrangements used in the private sector to determine whether the Federal arrangements are consistent with the objective of encouraging prevention of injury and illness. All workers compensation systems in the United States require employers to guarantee that compensation to injured workers will be paid. Some large employers may self-insure but most employers meet this obligation by purchasing insurance. Several States offer workers compensation insurance in competition with commercial carriers, while other States have a monopoly insurance fund. The largest source of workers compensation, however, is insurance purchased from private companies. Workers compensation insurance rates are based on the riskiness of the firms industrial classification within each State. Approximately 600 groupings are used to determine the firms manual rate, which is stated as a percent of payroll. If a firm is large enough, the manual rate will begin to be adjusted by the experience of the individual firm. The larger the firms payroll, the larger will be the degree of this experience rating. In a typically risky industry, firms with approximately 1,800 employees will have premiums based on their own experience. It is obvious from this cursory review of the rate-setting procedure, that the system is quite subtle in its attention to the accident and disease experience of the individual firm. Within the workers compensation community, experience rating is often viewed as a matter of equityfirms with poor claims experience are charged a premium that reflects poor performance and firms with good experience are charged less. However, the potential for using this scheme to regulate behavior is also apparent. Considering the significance of occupational safety and health as a regulatory concern, it is somewhat surprising that so few studies have examined experience rating. .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 , .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 .postImageUrl , .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 , .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9:hover , .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9:visited , .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9:active { border:0!important; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9:active , .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9 .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u52fc2cdb95c926184def4d31185acea9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Defense on socrates Essay It is a complex area to study, largely because of the complicating factor of the employees response to higher benefits. A straightforward prediction about the effect of experience rating on employers is that higher statutory benefit levels should encourage more prevention. Benefit levels vary across States and are regularly increased within States. However, higher benefit levels are associated with higher reported levels of accidents. Higher levels of benefits apparently encourage employees to report accidents. It is very difficult to remove this employee effect from any effect higher benefits might have on the employer. More attention should be paid to how liability arrangements can be improved to create a better workplace environment. Suggestions have been made to allow, or even require, all employers to self-insure deductibles for workers compensation, and thus sharpen the immediate reward for reduced injuries and disease. Other possibilities for refining the incentives of the experience-rating system are to simplify the relationships between experience and premiums. The current formula is a complex array of actuarially important factors that are beyond the comprehension of most safety and health professionals. Perhaps some elements of the relationship between experience and premiums could be simplified so as to make the reward for improved safety and health more apparent to decision makers. The use of claims experience from the first 3 of the last 4 years is another reason that the linkage between experience and premiums is more obtuse than is desirable. A final suggestion for improvement in the experience-rating scheme concerns the workers compensation rate regulation system used in most States. Workers compensation rates are still heavily regulated in most States, and although there are several mechanisms through which competition can manifest itself, pricing is not explicitly and visibly competitive in most States. This results in a marketplace that is not as effective as one would expect under open competitionand this lack of creative tension is manifested, in part, by producing few new ideas in experience rating. Regulated rates also often subvert the potential of experience rating by holding rates below the level established by the benefit levels and claims. In an effort to please worker groups, State legislators frequently set higher benefit levels, but then seek to appease employers by keeping rates below the level implied by those benefits. This eventually results in rates that make many employers unprofitable customers for insurers, which leads to employers being unable to obtain voluntary insurance. Because employers are legally obligated to have insurance, they are forced into assigned risk pools. Assigned risk pools, with rates that do not fully reflect benefit levels and claims experience, further diffuse the relationship between experience and premiums, and thus distort the incentives of workers compensation. Federal employee work injury and disease benefits are paid by the employing agency through regular payroll funding during the 45-day period of pay continuation and then through an annual bill that accounts for benefits paid to the agencys work- disabled employees. This is essentially self-insurance, with extended claims administered through the Office of Workers Compensation Programs, the Department of Labor agency responsible for administering FECA. This arrangement avoids the imperfections of the experience-rating system, because employers are fully rewarded or penalized for their claims experience. Although employers pay the full amount due, there are some problems. For example, it is not clear that anyone at the insurers level is inclined to encourage disabled employees to return to work. Another potential problem is that agencies must deal only with the one authorized insurer. In most private insurance markets, the amount of prevention services is used as a device to attract and retain customers. It is not clear whether the Office of Workers Compensation Programs has any incentive to offer these key services. Occupational health and safety is as important a regulatory issue today as it was in the early 20th century, when it was at the vanguard of government intervention in the labor market. We should clearly be using all available devices for improving the operation of the labor market. Because employees will be compensated for their occupational injuries, it is necessary to take full advantage of the financing of that compensation system in order to create incentives for prevention. The financing arrangements now in use are quite strong, but reinforcing prevention incentives has never been viewed as their primary purpose. Recognition of this preventive incentive role and attention to its improvement will serve to improve the occupational health and safety of American workers.